In the early 1920s, in search of a better
way to end the ruling of Northern Warlords and imperial powers and to advance revolution
in China, Sun Yat-sen accepted the help from Communist International, Soviet Russia
and Communist Party of China (CPC). He also accepted the advice from Ma Lin, the
representative from Communist International to cooperate with the CPC by allowing
CPC menbers to join Nationalist Party (Kuomingtang, KMT) as individual menbers.
In June 1923, on the Third National Conference of CPC, the policy of cooperating
with KMT by individual membership was discussed on and adopted.
After a series of preparation, in January 1924, First National Congress of KMT was
held in Guangzhou. Some CPC members, such as Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong, also attended
the conference. The three cardinal policies i.e. allying with Russia, uniting with
wht CPC and assisting farmers and workers, were adopted. Three People Principles
were re-interpreted and the KMT was reorganized. The first KMT-CPC cooperation took
place.
The KMT-CPC cooperation marked the climax of the national revolution against the
rule of warlords.
Reference data
Guangzhou-Hong Kong Strike
In May 1925, British and Japanese troops in Shanghai shot the local protesters in
Shanghai, hence May 30th massacre, which aroused the anger of people from all over
the country. Workers in Shanghai organized a united strike. In June 1925, to support
the strike in Shanghai, the CPC directed workers in Guangzhou and Hong Kong to go
on strike to protest British imperialism. The strike was massive in size and lasted
a long time. 250,000 workers in Hong Kong participated in the strike, which lasted
for 16 months and caused great loss to British imperialists.
Whampoa Military Academy
Under the KMT-CPC cooperation and with the help of Soviet Union and the CPC, Sun
Yat-sen set up an academy for army officers - Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou
in 1924. The academy trained members of both the CPC and the KMT as the spearhead
of the new revolutionary forces. Chiang Kai-shek was appointed president of the
Academy, and many CPC members, including Zhou Enlai, held important posts in the
Academy. Both military and political course were taught. Whampoa stressed political
education and cultivated the students patriotism and revolutionary spirit. As for
military education, it adopted the latest military theories and techniques from
Soviet Union to train students in various subject areas. From 1924 to 1927, Whampoa
Military Academy trained over 12,000 students in six terms, many of whom later became
senior officers and political leaders of two parties. In this way, the Whampoa contributed
greatly to Chinese revolution.
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